Boston [US], A study has revealed a major advance in identifying and tracking kidney diseases associated with nephrotic syndrome. The study findings were published in the New England Journal of Medicine and presented at the 61st ERA Congress in Stockholm, Sweden. Employing a hybrid methodology, the scientists found that anti-Nephr autoantibodies serve as a reliable biomarker to monitor disease progression, paving the way for more personalized therapeutic strategies. Nephrotic syndrome, defined by increased levels of urinary protein, is associated with kidney diseases, including membranous nephropathy (MN), primary focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS), and minimal change disease (MCD). Damage to T podocytes, the filtering cells of the kidney, is the main cause of nephrotic syndrome because it allows proteins to leak into the urine. Children with MCD or FSGS often receive a diagnosis of idiopathic nephrotic syndrome (INS), where the nephrotic syndrome is While the cause is unknown, this is often because children who have high protein levels in their urine rarely undergo a kidney biopsy, which is how the cause is usually determined.Traditionally, diagnosing these conditions has posed challenges due to overlapping histological characteristics and hesitancy to perform particularly invasive kidney biopsies. Among children. While anti-nephrin autoantibodies have been observed in some patients with MCD and FSGS, their precise role in the progression of these diseases is not completely understood. Studies conducted across Europe and the United States have introduced a new approach combining immunoprecipitation with enzyme-linked immunosorbent. The assay (ELISA) reliably detects anti-nephrin autoantibodies.The findings showed that anti-nephrin autoantibodies were prevalent in 69 percent of adults with MCD and 90 percent of children with INS who were not treated with immunosuppressive drugs. Importantly, the levels of these autoantibodies correlate with disease activity, suggesting their potential as biomarkers for monitoring disease progression. Antibodies were also rarely seen in the other diseases under test. To further investigate the effect of nephrin vaccination on kidney function, researchers gave lab-made nephrin protein to mice, causing an MCD-like condition in the mice. Vaccination resulted in phosphorylation of nephrin and marked changes in cell structure, indicating the involvement of antibodies targeting nephrin in podocyte malfunction and nephrotic syndrome.Remarkably, unlike other models requiring multiple vaccinations, this mode induced intense disease expression with a single vaccination, even at low antibody concentrations, commented Dr. Nicola M. Tomas, co-lead author of the study. Ki, "The identification of anti-nephrin autoantibody as a reliable biomarker, combined with our hybrid immunoprecipitation technique, enhances our diagnostic capabilities and opens new avenues for closely monitoring the disease progression of nephrotic syndrome. Professor Tobias B. Huber, lead author of the study, added, "By providing insight into the underlying mechanisms, these findings lay the groundwork for personalized interventions and pave the way for a new era of precision medicine." There are complex situations."