Tempe (US), For nearly 200 years, the name Florence Nightingale has been synonymous with tender compassion and kindness.

In the mid-19th century, Nightingale became perhaps the most famous woman of her era – second only to Queen Victoria – for introducing hygiene practices that sharply reduced the death rate among British soldiers fighting in the Crimean War, London A beautiful bronze statue has been installed in Waterloo Place. The nightingale was immortalized as a gentle, beautiful image carrying a lamp, symbolizing womanhood itself.

But this iconic image is overshadowed by many other achievements. Nightingale transformed nursing into a respectable profession, founding the world's first nursing school, using the relatively new science of statistics to improve health care outcomes, and redesigning hospitals.She was one of the first advocates of health care for all in Western history. The five years I spent researching and writing my biographical novel Abu Nightingale, "Flight of the Wild Swans," published March 12, 2024, My vague sentimental notions of him were replaced by respect for his visionary achievements. I resolved to bring into sharper focus this woman who, with her great work as a war nurse, spent half a century pioneering advances in health care.

The 19th century ushered in a series of revolutionary medical advances, Nightingale's contribution was an important part of this era.Called to serve the suffering

Florence Nightingale was born on May 12, 1820 in Florence, Italy, to Willia and Francis Nightingale, a wealthy British couple.The Nightingales raised their two daughters, Florence and her sister Parthenope, on two estates in England, William homeschooled the girls, and gave them an education equivalent to his Cambridge University education. From an early age, Nightingale showed a particular interest in mathematics. Also, demonstrated a tremendous intelligence. At the age of 16, she experienced a transcendent desire to serve the suffering, a calling that eventually coalesced into her determination to become a nurse. However, her family objected to this, as nursing was an inappropriate profession for privileged young Victorian women. This was considered a humiliating job, with a lower status than that of a servant.But Nightingale gradually overcame her family's objections by receiving training in Germany and France. In 1853, she became superintendent of a small London hospital for "gentlewomen in distress".

Most of her patients were educated, unmarried governesses whose health had deteriorated due to the stress of long work hours and negligible pay. A little more than a year later, she was headed to the Crimean War.



Bringing Hygiene to MedicineIn October 1854, Nightingale brought 38 female nurses under her care to the Scutari Barracks in Constantinople – today's Istanbul.Originally a grand stone barracks for the Turkish army, Scutari was now a British hospital for thousands of wounded English and Irish soldiers.

In Scutari, she and her nurses found scant provisions, little medicine or edible food, and hospital wards filled with rats, lice, and raw sewage. Peacock soldiers were dying of cholera and other infectious diseases rather than war wounds. Nightingale and her nurses set to work cleaning and purchasing food soap, bandages, medicines, clean bedding and clothing for the patients. As living standards improved, Scutari's appalling death rate began to decline.It was here that the Nightingale's reputation as the "Fairy of the Crimea" and the "Lady with the Lamp" began. Wartime journalists telegraphed their newspapers with dramatic details of their work. These stories ignited the public imagination and created an indelible image of a slight, feminine figure carrying her lamp into hospital wards at night. In January 1855, British Prime Minister Henry John Temple, 3rd Viscount Palmerston Sent a newly formed Sanitary Commission to Crimea to investigate the mortality rate. The Nightingale first witnessed a dramatic drop in the death rate as the Commission cleaned out the hospital's poor sewer systems, limed its walls—actually killing surface bacteria—and made several other sanitary improvements.Nightingale was already an advocate of cleanliness, fresh air, and proper diet and medical care; This experience made him a committed sanitationist.

When the war ended in 1856, Nightingale returned home permanently bedridden from chronic brucellosis, then called "Crimean fever". This did not stop him from devoting the rest of his life to improving the health care system in Great Britain and other countries.Using numbers to treat

Statistics was a relatively new science in Nightingale's time, but it was consistent with her early interest in mathematics. Ultimately, Nightingale became convinced that the statistics used to help reduce the death rate were "the true measure of God's purpose".Collaborating with William Farr, a leading figure in applying statistics to epidemiology, Nightingale analyzed extensive data on army mortality during the Crimean War, proving that most deaths were preventable rather than battlefield injuries. Caused by eligible diseases.

She was particularly innovative in her use of graphic diagrams, such as the famous "rose", or "coxcomb", diagram, which she believed was more impactful than the dry number tables favored by statisticians of the era.

As a result, in 1858, in recognition of her use of the statistical method in the sanitary improvement of the army, Nightingale was inducted into the Royal Statistica Society as the organization's first female fellow. In 2020, the Roya Statistical Society established an annual Florence Nightingale Award for excellence in health and care analysis. In a revolutionary move, Nightingale has applied her statistical methods and data visualization to applications ranging from hospital administration and health care management to public sanitation improvement and Expanded to other areas to sources of preventable diseases.These analyzes further highlighted the causes of both military and civilian mortality.

educating future nurses

In 1860, seeking to elevate nursing into both a science and an art, Nightingale founded the world's first nursing school: the Nightingale Training School for Nurses at St. Thomas's Hospital, London. Female students – 20 to 30 at a time In number - lived in school and wore nurses' uniforms for rigorous classes on anatomy, surgical nursing, physiology chemistry, hygiene and ethics. By the 1880s, Nightingale had accepted the new "germ theory" of the spread of disease, and it became part of the curriculum.

At the conclusion of the one-year program, Nightingale sent its nurses out into the world as certified and paid health professionals.By the turn of the century, the school had graduated nearly 2,000 certified nurses. Known as "Nightingales", they spread throughout Great Britain to practice skilled patient care, develop nursing care systems, teach, train a consultant. Nightingale Training Schools Became a leading model for. Similar schools will be established in Africa, America, Australia, Canada and other countries.

Nightingale also wrote a best-selling 1859 book, "Notes on Nursing", which guided Victorian wives in keeping their household members healthy.Public health advocacy Nightingale's long, ultimately successful effort to bring trained nurses and midwives into the notorious workhouses of England and Ireland has been largely ignored.

During Victorian times, poor people who became ill in workhouses could only be cared for by other destitute workhouse residents. Nightingale wrote several articles emphasizing the need for public health nurses to care for the sick in these institutions, and during the 1860s she called for the abolition of England's harsh poor laws.

As a result of these efforts, workhouse nursing reform gradually spread throughout England. I believe that a more complete understanding of Nightingale's life, her accomplishments beyond being the "lady with the lamp," will inform the understanding of nursing, medical science, and the public today. Can provide an inspiring role model for those considering a career in health.(talk) PY

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